一、主謂一致
1. 主謂的分隔原則
S, ---,VO
主謂之間可以用定從及省略形式的定從分隔
* 主謂一致與主語同位語無關
2. 定語從句中的主謂一致
...noun.+that / which +V
* that, which并不反映單復數(shù)
one of 復n + that/which + 復V
the only one of 復n + that/which + 單V
3. 隨前一致
together with, as well as, with, including, of
4. 隨后一致
not 單n. but 復n. + 復V
not only 單n. but also 復n. + 復V
5. 就近一致
單n. or 復n.
either 單n. or 復n.
neither 單n. nor 復n.
is he or we... 對
he or we are... 對
6. 可數(shù)名詞and可數(shù)名詞+復數(shù)動詞
不可數(shù)名詞and不可數(shù)名詞+復數(shù)動詞
例外：war and peace is / was
black and white is / was
bread and butter is / was
to love and to be loved is/was
7. 百分比結(jié)構(gòu)
most, rest, half, majority, some, 50 percent, one percent
…+of +n. +V 由名詞決定動詞的單復數(shù)
8. 倒裝句中的主謂一致
There be...
between , among 等介詞位于句首，即引起倒裝
Between ...+ be + noun.
Among...+ be + noun.
主 + 系 + 表
主系關系要一致，系表關系可以不一致
9. The+ adj.
a. 表示“一類人”用復數(shù)V
The rich are ridiculous
b. 表示某一抽象概念
The good is attractive
10. one of + 復數(shù)noun. + 單V
more than one 單數(shù)noun. + 單數(shù)V
many a + 單noun. + 單V
a + 單noun. or + two + 單V: a day or two
news 單數(shù) measles 不可數(shù)
the series 用is/are從上下文得出
二、時態(tài)
1. in + 過去某一時間，用一般現(xiàn)在時
2. before + 過去年份，用過去完成時
3. for/since:
for后跟時間段，可用現(xiàn)在完成和一般過去時
since 后跟時間點，只能跟現(xiàn)在完成時
I have been a teacher for 3 years.
I have been a teacher since 1996.
I was a teacher for 3 years.
4. 自然現(xiàn)象、真理描述用一般現(xiàn)在時
時態(tài)：現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時混用
一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時混用
三、語態(tài) 考主被的混用
一個證明，二個位于，三個需要，四個情感
1. 證明：prove(vi) + to be + n./adj.
prove(vt) + sth./that +句子
my advice proved to be wrong
2. 位于：locate永遠考被動
situate 主動：把...放置;確定位置
被動：位于
3. 需要：need, want, require
情態(tài)動詞need＋動詞
實義動詞 to do sth. / doing = to be done
My watch need repairing. (主動表被動= …to be repaired. )
4. 情感：please, annoy, surprise, move
I am pleased. 主語高興
he news is pleasing. 令人高興使...高興（心煩、驚訝、感動）
Franklin is so moved.
The story is so moving.