定語(yǔ)從句的用法

(一) 定語(yǔ)從句的作用

作用 在句子中作定語(yǔ),修飾句子中的某一名詞或代詞,從句須放在先行詞之后。

關(guān)聯(lián)詞 關(guān)聯(lián)詞用于引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。

(二) 關(guān)系代詞的作用

作用 例 句

1.作主語(yǔ) 1. The student who is talking with the monitor is Lucy.（指人作主語(yǔ)）

2. A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.（指物作主語(yǔ)）

2.作表語(yǔ) 3.She is no longer the girl that she used to be.（指人作表語(yǔ)）

3.作賓語(yǔ) 4The student whom (who)you want to see has come already.（指人作賓語(yǔ)）

5.The letter which I received yesterday was from a friend of mine.（指物作賓語(yǔ)）

4.作定語(yǔ) 6.The girl whose mother is a teacher studies very hard.（指人作定語(yǔ)）

(三) 須用that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

情 況 例 句

nothing,everything,anything,much, all,little等不定代詞作先行詞時(shí)，常用that引導(dǎo)從句.something兩者均可。 Is there anything that I can do for you?

2.指物的先行詞前被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。 The first thing that we should do is to help him.

3.指物的先行詞前被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。 This is the best foreign film that I have ever seen.

4.指物的先行詞前被the very, the only, the same修飾時(shí)。 That’s the very tool that we are looking for.

5.先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。 They talked about the things and friends that they could remember.

6.主句是由Who/Which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。 Who is the man that is standing over there?

Which is the tool that you are looking for?

(四).不可由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

1.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。 Mr Smith ,who lives in Chicago, is a doctor .

2.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作前置介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。 This is the room in which Mr Liu once lived .

3.由that作先行詞時(shí)。 The bread which is made by my mother is better than that which is sold in food shops.

4.someone.somebody,nobody,anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody等指物的不定代詞作先行詞時(shí)。 Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.

（五）.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn)：1.不能用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。2.關(guān)系代詞不能省略。

（六）關(guān)系副詞的用法：關(guān)系副詞代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中與相應(yīng)的介詞一起充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。

1． When指代表示時(shí)間的先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中與相應(yīng)的介詞一起充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：

October 1，1949 was the day when（=on which） the People’s Republic of China was founded.

2． Where指代先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中與相應(yīng)的介詞一起充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如：

We will visit the house where(=in which)Lu Xun was born.

3. why代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中與相應(yīng)的介詞一起充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ).例如:

Who can tell me the reason why(=for which) Tom was absent today?

配套定語(yǔ)從句專練：

1.The man_____talked to you just now is an engineer of the computer company.

A.who B.which C.where D.when

2.I still remember the days_____we studied together in the school.

A.that B.which C.where D.when

3.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small village____he grew up.

A.which B.where C.that D.when

4.Can you tell me the name of the factory____you visited last week?

A.what B.where C./ D.when

5.Is this the house _____Shakespare was born?

A.at which B.which C. at where D. in which

6.In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person____she could turn for help.

A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom

7.All_____is needed is a supply of oil.

A .the thing B. that C. what D. which

8.Corn was not the only food_____was taken to Europe.

A. which B. who C. / D. that

9.Look at the man and his horse____are walking up the street.

A. which B. who C. what D. that

10.She is no longer the student ____she used to be.

A. who B. whom C. which D. that

11.I don’t like_____you speak to her.

A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which

12.He paid the boy 10 yuan for washing ten windows,most of____hadn’t been cleaned

A .there B. those C. that D. which

13.Mr Green has two daughters,both of____are doctors.

A. them B. whom C. who D. that

14.Whose is this book the cover_____is blue?

A. whose B. its C. which D. of which

15.I like to live in the house _____windows face south

A. which B. of which C. whose D. where

16.His parents would’t let him marry anyone____family was poor.

A/ of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose

17.In Sydeny, the Chinese team got 28gold medal,______were won by women.

A.18 of which B.18 of that C.which of 18 D.18 in which

18.Abraham Lincoln, ____ was born in Kenturkey ,studied law in his spare time and later became President of the USA.

A.what B.who C.whom D.which

19.Those _______ have any questions please put up your hands.

A.which B.that C.whom D.who

20．Anyone______ breaks the law will be punished.

A. whoever B.whom C. who D.no matter who

Keys:1-5:ADBCD 6-10:DBDDD 11-15:ADBDC 16-20:DABDC

責(zé)任編輯：李芳芳